Steel plant :: essays research papers

Steel Plant      Our steel plant will be found where the baseball field and the exercise center is. We will purchase the school’s land off the Board of Education. We plan on tearing down the rec center what's more, taking all the blocks and left over materials to the land fill in Princeton. Along these lines more individuals can keep their homes, and not need to move away. The school will be transformed into an inn for a portion of the laborers who live away from here. On the off chance that the baseball field and exercise center isn’t sufficient space for the plant, at that point we will purchase the houses and land behind the baseball field. On the off chance that any other individual needs to move in light of the smoke, at that point we will have the option to purchase their property and extend our organization.      Our plant will have its own stockpiling dump underground on some other property we own, away from the city. The tanks will be specific, so the synthetic concoctions can’t spill out into the ground. This will shield the synthetic concoctions from hurting the neighborhood natural life. At the plant there will be a unique separating framework for the smoke that is delivered, so it won’t impact the air and network.      We will utilize the nearby coal mineshafts to furnish us with the coal we have to deliver the steel. The steel plant will make more occupations for the neighborhood individuals. Likewise the neighborhood graduating classes won’t need to go far away to land positions.      If there isn’t effectively another school worked for the understudies then we will give a portion of the benefits we make to manufacture a school. So the children will have a decent and new school prepared for them. Likewise we will arrangement a grant to send understudies to school, additionally they can return and have a great job at the plant on the off chance that they need.

Mind games a reaction Free Essays

Movement Perception into Our World that is Always in real life by: Allayed C. Conjugal Discussing about your cerebrum and how it responds to movement so as to settle on choices is the principle thought handled in the â€Å"Brain Games: Motion Commotion† scene. Mind Games is a TV arrangement that investigates the segments of the human cerebrum. We will compose a custom paper test on Brain games a response or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Using social trials and intelligent dramatic artistry, this show urges the watchers to partake in the said mind games, in which they’ll have the option to unwind the central matters introduced by every scene. In the referenced scene, it expressed that you are in a world that is continually moving, the human mind needed to build up an entirely refined feeling of movement so as to endure and that is clear movement wherein we see a progression of still pictures that are hung together rapidly and our cerebrum sees this as movement. Different investigations are accomplished for the watchers to have a simple comprehension of the components associated with the point, development view of the mind. The underlying trial is to watch an Auto Kinetic picture wherein our downpour is fooled into seeing movement †despite the fact that there isn’t any. Our visual cortex is the person who is liable for this, we will in general believe that It is the image that’s working however we are the one who’s doing It in light of the fact that our visual cortex Is intended to recognize and see movement in any case. In the procedure tests I discovered that we people having developed as visual creatures are on the whole hard-wired to see and be enthralled by movement this Is the thing that the researchers call the brain’s Orienting Response in which we feel constrained to take a gander at anything that moves inside our field of vision. Our fringe vision Is substantially more delicate to movement than the remainder of our eye this Is shown through the coin shoulder stunt. I guess that the last piece of the scene turned out to be all the more hauling as It uncovered the watchers Into all the more bewildering tests where It gave the idea that sound can truly change the movement we perceive†in light of the fact that movement Is uncertain. In addition, It Is not generally what we see or what we hear however some of the time It Is likewise what we feel or what we anticipate to feel. So I discover that movement can truly be tricky at ordinarily. I accept that our mind and our eyes are continually pulling a prank on us therefore causing our body to feel that It Is moving despite the fact that we are Just sitting still and this Is the supposed vector wherein It Is our eyes that see movement as well as our body?†vector† view of self movement Induced by visual upgrades. The scene was finished by the appropriate response on the inquiry expressed on the Introduction of the show on about how might we travel a huge number of kilometers while we are Just sitting and It Is extremely enchanting to covers that we are voyaging 1,600 kilometers for every moment since we are acclimated with the Earth’s steady movement. The scene didn’t get done with Just nothing, It responded to numerous beguiling inquiries. Also, left the watchers with pack of new learning and wondrous revelations about our continually moving world and how we advanced and adapted to It. It Is astounding how our mind functions and how It grows along with the Innovating scene. Movement will consistently be a piece of our lives which implies our mind procedure In seeing movement will consistently proceed to create and Interpret things around us. He one who is answerable for this, we will in general feel that it is the image that’s working however we are the one who’s doing it in light of the fact that our visual cortex is intended to recognize and see movement in any case. In the procedure wired to see and be charmed by movement this is the thing that the researchers call the brain’s our field of vision. Our fringe vision is considerably more touchy to movement than the remainder of our eye this is display ed through the coin shoulder stunt. I guess that the potato part of the scene turned out to be all the more hauling as it uncovered the watchers into additionally dumbfounding analyses wherein it created the impression that sound can truly change the movement we perceive†on the grounds that movement is equivocal. Besides, it isn't generally what we see or what we hear however some of the time it is additionally what we feel or what we anticipate to mind and our eyes are continually pulling a prank on us along these lines causing our body to feel that it is moving despite the fact that we are Just sitting still and this is the purported ousting wherein it isn't just our eyes that see movement yet in addition our gathering of self movement incited by visual upgrades. The scene was finished by the appropriate response on the inquiry expressed on the presentation of the show on about how might we travel a large number of kilometers while we are Just sitting and it is extremely enchanting to nothing, it responded to numerous tricky inquiries. Furthermore, left the watchers with bundle of we advanced and adapted to it. It is stunning how our mind functions and how it grows along with the improving scene. Movement will consistently be a piece of our lives which implies our cerebrum procedure in seeing movement will consistently proceed to create and decipher things around us. Instructions to refer to Mind games a response, Papers

Put Relaxation in the Palm of Your Hand

Put Relaxation in the Palm of Your Hand GAD Coping Print Put Relaxation in the Palm of Your Hand By Deborah R. Glasofer, PhD twitter linkedin Deborah Glasofer, PhD is a professor of clinical psychology and practitioner of cognitive behavioral therapy. Learn about our editorial policy Deborah R. Glasofer, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 20, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 24, 2018 Gary Burchell/Getty Images More in GAD Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Historically, self-help tools have included resources such as published books, and then online materials. However, with the advent and popularity of smartphone app technologies, you can now literally carry self-help strategies in the palm of your hand. Below is a list of apps aimed to address anxiety, stress, anger, and worry by enhancing relaxation, meditation, and mindfulness practices. Apps that specifically target problematic thinking and self-judgment â€" those that closely ally with some of the popular evidence-based psychotherapies for anxiety â€" are reviewed separately. This list is not comprehensive, but it is representative of some of the more popular apps currently available. Calm Platform: Calm is available for the  iPhone or Android, with full functionality on the web. Cost: free, with the exception of “The 21 Days of Calm” program available to paid subscribers. What it offers: This app offers meditation sessions. The length of sessions can be personalized, from 2 to 30 minutes, to suit the individual’s needs. Meditations can be guided, or the app can be set to ‘timer only’ for the more experienced user. A variety of nature scenes and sounds are available to help enhance the relaxation process. There are three set programs: “The 7 Days of Calm” for beginners, “The 21 Days of Calm” to deepen existing meditation progress (not free), and “The 7 Days of Sleep” for individuals who experience sleep disturbances due to stress and anxiety. Thus, this app is well suited to people looking to experiment with mindfulness and meditation, or to those who would like to continue a routine meditation practice. Besides the established programs, the app has a reminder function, which can be programmed to cue users to meditate as desired. It does not, however, include any tools for tracking progress. Breathe 2 Relax Platform: Breathe 2 Relax is available for the iPhone or Android. Cost: free. What it offers: There are a number of breathing exercises that can help decrease the physical sensations of anxiety and facilitate mood stability. This app is designed to guide users through one of an essential breathing technique  â€" diaphragmatic ‘belly’ breathing. The app can be programmed with inhalation and exhalation durations that match the individual’s own version of a deep, full breath. In addition, stress levels can be monitored. Notably, this app is recommended by the U.S. Department of Defense’s National Center for Telehealth and Technology. Headspace Platform: Headspace is available for the iPhone or Android. Cost: free 10-day trial, then approximately $6-12 per month sessions. What it offers: This app is good for a beginner seeking to establish a regular meditation practice to reduce anxiety and stress. The app describes important concepts (like mindfulness and cognitive diffusion) clearly and offers illustrative videos and supplemental podcasts to enhance understanding. Meditations catering to different areas of life, such as relationships or personal health, are available. It can track progress somewhat â€" namely, how much you’ve used the app to meditate â€" but it does not include ways to monitor other aspects of progress such as improvements in focus or overall anxiety level. A Few Words of Caution Please note that while the use of an electronic app can be a fantastic way to supplement ongoing treatment (be it talk therapy or medication), prevent relapse, and get assistance with subclinical anxiety, these apps are not designed as stand-alone anxiety treatments. If your symptoms persist or worsen, it is critical to seek out a consultation with a mental health professional. New apps are being created at a fast clip. The range of sophistication, utility, and appropriateness for a given problem can vary widely. A little research â€" to understand a bit about the app’s purpose and target audience â€" can go a long way. The U.S. Department of Defense’s National Center for Telehealth and Technology and the Anxiety and Depression Association of America are two organizations that offer helpful reviews of apps that are updated with some regularity. If you are currently in treatment, you might also ask your provider for apps that they recommend.

Critical Annotation of Watson Reading and Commentary Reading

Critical Annotation of Watson Reading and Commentary Reading 5 Question One Assignment 2 Reading Watson, C.W. (Ed.). (1999).A diminishment: A death in the field (Kerinci, Indonesia). In Being there: Fieldwork in anthropology (pp. 141-163). London: Pluto Press. In his reading, A Diminishment: A Death in the Field (1999), Watson analysed two critical issues that have preoccupied anthropologists for nearly four decades. These issues include the extent to which personality of the anthropologist should be clearly inserted into any published ethnographic account and how a competent anthropologist should become during identification, description as well as analysis of emotions (Watson, 1999). In essence, the first argument is hinged on whether there are chances of allowing their partisanship to influence whatever they see including how their interpretation of it all. Therefore, people in the society should give up all the pretence that all their account is objective and consider putting the point straight regarding own involvement (Watson, 1999). Watson believes that anthropologists li ke many other social scientists do very little compared to what their counterparts in the natural science perform especially when describing their equipment alongside the conditions under which their research was conducted (Watson, 1999). It is high time anthropologists became explicit about themselves, the primary tool for gathering vital information and autobiographical features of their

Bipolar Disorder And Conflict Management - 2237 Words

Bipolar Disorder and Conflict Management There have been various studies over bipolar disorder but few conducted over conflict management over those with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder can control people’s lives if not managed effectively. Over the course of the semester my goal was to find methods and apply those methods to help better manage conflict while personally dealing with bipolar disorder. I discovered which methods worked best and several new tactics not yet focused on. I also found ways that those involved in the interpersonal relationships I am a part of to help as well. Not only does the person dealing with bipolar disorder need to find methods for dealing with this but also so do those around them to help better manage. Introduce the main ideas to be discussed throughout the paper. Transition. Literary Review Integrate 5 relevant concepts/findings from our textbook into this discussion Miklowitz focused much of his work on the study of bipolar disorder. One book in particular written by Miklowitz (2002), he focused on the survival of bipolar disorder and how to manage it. The main focus of the entire book was on understanding the symptoms, learn about effective treatments, learning how to self-manage and to improve functioning in family and work settings (p. 3). Each section was delved into deeply and gave a lot of information. The book was formatted as a self-help guide for those dealing with bipolar disorder, which I found very useful myself. IShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : A Psychiatric Disorder947 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder, like schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, is a severe psychiatric disorder. The disorder, as presented in Inder et al and Rusner et al, entails so much more than simply the highs (mania) and lows (depression). It is a disorder that causes i ntra- as well as interpersonal conflicts and difficulties. Some of the intrapersonal issues that arise with having bipolar disorder are the sense of identity confusion, feelings of inadequacy and ineffectiveness, self-esteem and self-worthRead MoreThe Role Of Family And Caretakers Relationships940 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder is a mood disorder that often leads to a disruptive lifestyle. It is a subgroup of bipolar I which is manic and depressive episodes and bipolar II which is hypomanic and depressive episodes. However, very little research has been done in terms of how this disorder impacts family members and caretakers. The rationale behind this topic is to examine some of the research done involving strengths and struggles of family and caretakers relationships. The articles that will be discussedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1206 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder causes unusual changes in moods, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day to day functions. This disorder was previously known as Manic- Depressive Illness. There are four types of Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by extreme manic episodes with some depression episodes as well. Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by major depressive episodes with some episodes of hypomania. Hypomania is not as high as mania’s characterized in Bipolar I DisorderRead MorePrevalence Rate For Bipolar I Disorder1552 Words   |  7 Pageslifetime prevalence rate for Bipolar I Disorder is 0.6% and the 12-month prevalence rate is 0.4% of the overall population (Merikangas et al, 2011). The United States had the highest reported lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders with 4.4% and a 12-month prevalence of 2.8%. In addition, lifetime prevalence rates for bipolar I disorder were found to be slightly higher in males than in females. While much of the reported prevalence rates for bipolar disorder are based on adults 18 yearsRead MoreThe Prehistory Of The Mind833 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation across specific domains (Mithen 1996). Given its essentialness to the human mind, it is no surprise that any physical deformity or activity abnormality in the prefrontal cortex leads to numerous psychological disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. Emotions and rational thinking are vital to the human experience because these two components make it possible for us to interpret both the internal world within us and the external environmentRead MoreDifferent Types Of Mental Disorders1348 Words   |  6 Pagesfeloniously killed while responding to calls involving mentally ill people (Harmening, William M. ,2014). This paper will discuss the different types of mental disorders such as thought, mood and anxiety disorders. To add this paper will discuss the problems these disorders cause for officers and what strategies should be used to combat these disorders in crises situations. Categorization: Approximately five percent of the residents in the United States have been diagnosed with a severe mental illnessRead MoreComparison of Two Websites Addressing Schizophrenia978 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿A Comparison of Two Websites Addressing Schizophrenia There are many websites devoted to schizophrenia, offering the public venues through which to become familiar with the causes, symptoms, and management techniques for treating the neurological disorder. Two of the most prominent of these websites are HYPERLINK http://www.schizophrenia.com www.schizophrenia.com and HYPERLINK http://www.world-schizophrenia.org www.world-schizophrenia.org; each website serves the valuable purpose of allowingRead MoreDifferent Types Of Mental Disorders1325 Words   |  6 Pagesfeloniously killed while responding to calls involving mentally ill people (Harmening, William M. ,2014). This paper will discuss the different types of mental disorders such as thought, mood and anxiety disorders. To add this paper will discuss the problems these disorders cause for officers and what strategies should be used to combat these disorders in crises situations. Categorization: 100 Approximately five percent of the residents in the United States have been diagnosed with a severe mental illnessRead MoreCaring for a Patient with Bipolar Disorder1992 Words   |  8 Pagespatient with bipolar I disorder. Keltner (2011) describes bipolar I disorder as â€Å"the most significant of these disorders. The patient experiences swings between manic episodes and major depression† (p. 291). According to Murphy (2006), â€Å"bipolar disorder can be like a roller-coaster, with exciting ‘highs’ and very frightening downhill plunges† (p. 58). Most patients are more likely to seek help when they are depressed or feel ‘bad;’ therefore, Goossens (2007) determines bipolar disorder is frequentlyRead MoreThe Etiology Of The Disorder963 Words   |  4 Pagesetiology of the disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is an example of a disruptive disorder. Although there are no clear cut causes of ODD, there are factors that play a role in the development of the disorder. They include biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2009). Biological factors include having a parent with a history of ADHD, ODD, or Conduct Disorder (CD), a parent with a mood disorder such as depression

Ooad Design Specifications Free Essays

Restaurant All-in-one Management System (RAMs) Design Specification with UML by Leung Chun Kit and Leung Ting Fong 03011720 and 03011739 (Group 22) COMP 2221 Lecturer: Prof. Jiming Liu December 4, 2004 I. Table of Content I. We will write a custom essay sample on Ooad Design Specifications or any similar topic only for you Order Now Table of Content1 II. Graphical Notion Used2 Notation of Use Case Diagram2 Notation of Class Diagram2 Notation of Sequence Diagram3 1. Use Case Diagram4 1. 1. Use Case Diagram of End User Acting with the RAMsystem4 2. Class Diagram5 2. 1. Class Diagram of RAMsystem5 3. Sequence Diagram6 3. 1. Sequence Diagram of staff6 3. 2. Sequence Diagram of manager8 3. 3. Sequence Diagram of administrator9 II. Graphical Notion Used Notation of Use Case Diagram [pic] Notation of Class Diagram [pic] Notation of Sequence Diagram [pic] 1. Use Case Diagram 1. Use Case Diagram of End User Acting with the RAMsystem Description: End users(administrator, manager, staff) can perform ordering, editing ,checking and management function insider the RAMsystem. End user can use food ordering function and food editing function only bill had been created by user. Only manager can manage the duty roaster. No one can edit the database or checks the password database execpt the administrator. [pic] 2. Class Diagram 1. Class Diagram of RAMsystem Description: All user and database of RAMsystem is created by the administrator. Administrator can modify any of the data in the RAMsystem. Staff and manager can create or edit bill but only manager can edit duty roaster. Bill has id, date and cost. Each bill has a unique id. User can be categorized into 3 types, administrator, manager and staff. All users have their own unique id and password. Both the administrator and the other user can change their own password. However, administrator can change the password everyone. [pic] 3. Sequence Diagram 1. Sequence Diagram of staff Description: Staff can only add order, create bill, check bill. As well as edit the bill that responsible by he/she and check duty. [pic][pic] [pic] [pic] 2. Sequence Diagram of manager Description: Manager can do all the function which the staff has the right to do if. Furthermore, manager can edit any of the bills but not only that responsible by he/she. Also, manager can also manage duty roaster and check all the data in the database except the database that store the password. [pic] [pic] 3. Sequence Diagram of administrator Description: Administrator can do all the function of the RAMsystem including modify all of the databases. [pic] How to cite Ooad Design Specifications, Papers

learning and motivation Essay Example

learning and motivation Essay Introduction: In order to study how people learn a new set of behaviors, we are going to apply three learning theories which learned though this course: classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social cognitive theory . ln this paper, only one example would be applied by the theories. The chosen example is a commercial of LNYX body wash which will be further described in the next paragraph. First, we will briefly describe the cases. Then, the application of the theory will be presented part by part from classical conditioning, operant conditioning to social cognitive theory . n each art, we will briefly introduce the major concept of the theories used , followed by the studies on the effectiveness of the commercial. Commercial Content: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=YuvIsaOYr18 The following is the description of the commercial content. The commercial showed that there are two men who were using two different kinds of body wash product. They went clubbing together after us ing the two different body wash products. The man who used LYNX body wash is charm and handsome so that he got many attractions from girls but another man who used other brand of body wash did not. Classical Conditioning: According to the learning behaviorism approaches, there are two forms of associative learning: Classical conditioning and operant conditioning. I would briefly introduce what is classical conditioning and apply classical conditioning in the chosen advertisement. Last but not least, it will be an analysis on the effectiveness of this advertisement with certain related concepts. Classical conditioning is learning through association/ pairing This is a basic form of learning in which one stimulus predicts the occurrence of another. It also involves making a new connection, or association, between events in the environment. Referring to the commercial showed, before conditioning, charming and handsome man was the unconditioned stimulus and naturally elicits to the reflex of the unconditioned response which was got attraction from girls. During conditioning, there was the pairing up between an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus. Refer to the commercial, charming and handsome man was the unconditioned stimulus and the LYNX body wash was the neutral stimulus which has no intrinsic meaning to the organism before conditioning. After conditioning, man would get attraction form girls after using the LYNX body wash product. We will write a custom essay sample on learning and motivation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on learning and motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on learning and motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So LYNX body wash become conditioned stimulus and elicit girls attraction which is the conditioned For the commercials effectiveness, it depends on peoples cognition of this commercial. According to the related concept of classical conditioning, stimulus generalization is automatic extension of conditioned responding to similar stimuli. Thus, One who are confused about LYNX body wash with other similar product cannot identify the difference and response in the same way with the similar products. That is, they believed that using other brands body wash can also get attraction form girls. Then, the commercials effectiveness would be diminished. Under another situation, stimulus discrimination, the organism does not respond the same way to two similar stimuli as it has learned to distinguish between them. One can distinguish between products of different brands and distinguish that only the use of LYNX can attract girls. So, the effectiveness of the commercial increase as people are willing to buy LYNX body wash in order to get attraction from girls . Therefore, the commercial effectiveness depends on peoples cognition on this advertisement. Operant Conditioning: According to operant conditioning, learning in which the probability of a response is changed by a change in its consequences. (Skinner, 1983)Following the law of effect, if the consequence is positive, or satisfying to the organism, in future with the same stimulus presented again, the same response will be more likely to occur, vice versa. Thus, Skinner said that we learn an association between a response to a stimulus and its consequences with the experiment he did. In this commercial, the stimulus is the use of LYNX body wash; the consequence is become attractive among girls. As we ll know, the consequences attractive here, is positive and pleasant, so people will be more likely to use LYNX body wash. The video shows both types of consequences: reinforcement and punishment. In the video, the man who use LYNX body wash and go clubbing becomes more charming and attracts girls attentions. Being charm is a positive reinforcement. Since Behavior is followed by the delivery of an appetitive stimulus, and it is Increases the probability of that behavior (Skinner, 1969), the delivery of attractiveness after using LYNX body wash reinforces him to increase the behavior of using LYNX body wash. Another man in the commercial, who wears in pink, is using other common brands body wash and going clubbing, he becomes feminine and unwelcome among girls. Removal of attractiveness is the negative punishment since behavior is followed by the removal of an appetitive stimulus, and it is decreasing the probability of that behavior (Skinner, 1969). Therefore, people will not choose to use other brands body wash so as to avoid the unwelcome consequence of removing attractiveness. In order to have an in-depth study on the effectiveness of the commercial based one perant conditioning, we will examine the fulfillment of some important conditions immediately and reinforcer must follow the response. In the commercial popularity among girls (reinforcer) Just followed the response of using LYNX body wash immediately. That means Reinforcers that precede a response rarely have an effect on the response. Moreover, there is no delay in the presentation of popularity among girls after the men using LYNX body wash which preserve the effectiveness of commercial. If the presentation of popularity among girls delayed, the commercial would become less effective as the reinforcers presentation is elayed and the noticed consequence become less rewarding. Last but not least, there are two men using in different brand of body wash but the popularity among girls was only presented when the desired response (use LYNX body wash) occurred. This fulfills the reinforcement contingency which stated that the reinforcer should be presented only when the desired response has occurred. Since there is a strong fulfillment of those conditions for operant conditioning, the commercial is regarded as effective. Social Cognitive Theory: The social cognitive theory force on what and how people learn from one another. There is a reciprocal causation in social cognitive theory stated that the interaction of three variables: environment, person and behavior, affect each other. In order to have a clearer insight on how social cognitive theory is applied in this commercial, we initiate our application from the first step, that is, processes in observation learning. The processes of observation learning included Attention to appropriate models, Retention, Motor Reproduction and Motivation. That means the learner have to pay attention to character in the commercial and remember what the character did. Next, he has to practice Models behavior by using LYNX body wash. If he believe that he will be charming after using LYNX body wash, he will be motivate to keep imitating the Models behavior. Observational learning occurs when an organisms responses are influenced by the observation of a models behavior. Unlike other learning theories, observational learning can be vicarious. In another words, organism simply observes another perform a behavior, notes the consequences, and modifies its own behavior in a future, similar situation. In such, learner observes that the models behavior of using LYNX body wash so as the vicarious reinforcement the model received in the commercial. The learner would then be reinforced by the vicarious reinforcement of Charming and handsome, he would be more likely to imitate the models behavior for the sake of obtaining the same kind of reinforcement in the future. That means, he is going to use LYNX body wash so as to become charming, handsome and attractive to girls. oth self-efficacy and expectancies would affect ones likelihood in imitating the behavior. When one believes they are capable of executing the behaviors successfully, he is with high self-efficacy. Thus, one who got high self-efficacy think that it is easy to get and use LYNX body wash after watching such modeling. He is more likely to imitate the model and using t he product mentioned in the commercial. Expectancies, is about the consequences of a behavior are what render the behavior more or less likely to occur. When one expect to receive a favorable consequence of being Charm and handsome after using LYNX, he is more likely to do so. In order to study whether the commercial is effective, we examine the fulfillment of characteristics of effective models. We found that the model is competent because earners are capable in getting get LYNX body wash. The model behaves in stereotypical gender-appropriate ways as boys generally want to be attractive among girls. to our belief, the commercial will be more effective to boys who seeking for lovers because the models behavior is relevant to the observers situation. as the commercial fulfill such characteristics of effective models, it is an effective commercial form the analysis of social cognitive theory. Conclusion: In conclusion, we had applied all three theories namely classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social cognitive theory in one commercial. We found that the learning effectiveness of the case would depend on different conditions. For instance, in classical conditioning, people would have confusion with different body wash brand thus decrease the effectiveness of the commercial when there is a stimulus generalization; however, commercial would become more effective when there is stimulus discrimination because people could distinguish between different brands which urging them in purchase LYNX body wash. In addition, we can look into some particular conditions and characteristics to scrutinize the effectiveness of the commercial. For operant conditioning, we have examine on some important conditions for operant conditioning like the reinforcement contingency, reinforce must follow the response and immediacy. For social cognitive theory, we have study in some of the Characteristics of effective models: Such as competency, stereotypical gender-appropriate ways and whether the models behavior is relevant to the observers situation. We also noticed that one with high self-efficacy and expectation towards the behavior would also increase the effectiveness of the commercial. Based on the fulfillment of those particular onditions and characteristics of operant conditioning and social cognitive theory respectively, we reckon that the commercial is still regarded as the effective one. Skinner, B. F. (1938). The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis. Cambridge, Massachusetts: B. F. Skinner Foundation. Skinner, B. F. (1969) Contingencies of Reinforcement: A Theoretical Analysis TV Commercial from YouTube: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=YuvIsaOYr18 Bibliography Contingencies of Reinforcement: A Theoretical Analysis Skinner, B. F. (1950) Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review, 57(4), 193-216.

Spaans Cookie Company

Spaans Cookie Company Competitor Analysis and Competitive Landscape for Pumpkin Spice Cookie Spaans Cookie Company has expanded, and sells its products not only in California, but also in other states. However, there are many Companies that compete with Spaans, which also bake and sell cookies. These companies include the Great American cookie Company that specializes with gourmet cookies. Great American Cookie is based in Atlanta, but it has other 290 stores all over the United States and thus, it is a big competitor to Spaans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spaans Cookie Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other cookie companies include Full Bloom wholesale Baking Company, which is based in California and is growing fast and Interstate Bakeries Corporation, which distributes breads and cakes all over United States. Since all these Companies have their own marketing strategies, Spaans continues to come up with many strategies to st ay at the competitive edge (Spaans Cookie Company, 2011). One strategy that Spaans uses is defining the competitive landscape for the new product – pumpkin spice cookie. This helps the company know who the real competitors are, the type of products being sold, how the customers see the competition and the business model used by competitors. Spaans analyzes its competitors in order to learn their business tricks, and this is done through going to the competitors place and learning more about the business, reading more on the competitor’s website, as well as doing more research on customer reviews. Kotler Keller (2009) affirm that understanding the competitors is essential in any business developing new products. Thus, analyzing competitors has helped Spaans to point out their strengths as well as weaknesses. Some of the weakness from other companies includes lack of quality customer service and lack of variety in products. Spaans have taken advantage of its competitorà ¢â‚¬â„¢s weaknesses and has improved by getting friendlier and kind staff, reducing its prices, and more importantly, introducing the new cookie in the market. Similarly, industry knowledge has kept Spaans at the competitive edge since it was established many years ago. Pricing Strategy Despite having many marketing strategies, Spaans should consider an important pricing strategy that determines the product positioning in the market. Pricing also affects marketing elements such as products quality, channel decisions and advertising (Kotler Keller, 2009). Spaans can use many pricing approaches in pricing the pumpkin spice cookie, but the key ones include customer and competitor based pricing. Customer based pricing has many approaches such as penetration pricing, price skimming, and loss leaderAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Monroe (2003), penetration pricing entails boosting market share of a product and later increasing price after attaining the market share. With this pricing technique, Spaans can introduce the new cookie in the market at a lower as compared to other cookies in order to attract new customers. It is much easy for customers to buy the new product despite having other options due to lower price. Penetration pricing should be used to launch a new product. Likewise, price skimming entails setting a higher price to a product, which is not currently in the market. Since the new pumpkin spice cookies are seasonal products, Spaans can segment its market, and only use the skimming strategy where the supply of the product is low, but the demand is high. By use of this pricing strategy, Spaans will get higher profits before other competitors create the same product and enter in the market. Spaans Cookie Company can also use loss leaders strategy, which is a sales promotion method and entails setting a products price belo w the cost price in order to attract customers. The reason of setting products as loss leaders is to encourage customers to buy more of the company’s products varieties. Furthermore, the company can factor in competitor based pricing, which involves setting the prices inline with those from competitors because customers may consider the cheapest price. When selling such products, Spaans should come up with unique ways of attracting customers such as better customer service in order to make more sales. In conclusion, although many Baking companies are trying to make their products unique, Spaans Company strives to gain the competitive advantage since it is the main strategy to survival and achievement. The company aims at coming up with sustainable market advantages such as brand name recognition. Nevertheless, it is critical for Spaans Company to determine its strengths and its competitor’s weaknesses in order to take emerging opportunities in the market. Additionally, selecting a pricing strategy is important since price is the most visible element, despite having many marketing efforts. Price also reflects the value and benefits the product gives to its customers. Therefore, customer based pricing using the skimming strategy, among others, is seen as the most appropriate pricing approach for the new pumpkin spice cookies. References Kotler, P. Keller, K. L. (2009). Marketing Management (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spaans Cookie Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Monroe, K.B. (2003). The Pricing Strategy Audit. London: Cambridge Strategy Publications. Spaans Cookie Company. (2011). Spaans History. Retrieved from http://spaanscookies.com/our-story.htm

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The World Film Journal- the movie Rain by Maria Govan Essay

The World Film Journal- the movie Rain by Maria Govan - Essay Example To her dismay, Rain discovers that her mother stays in Graveyard, which is a neighborhood for desperately poor people living within HIV-AIDS. Glory’s life revolves around drugs despite the high level of poverty experienced at the island (Bahamasmovie.com). When Rain reaches the Graveyard which, as Magdaline explains, is a land that becomes difficult to leave when someone gets in it, she starts new harsh life. When Rain realizes that the life in Graveyard is too harsh, she sets to discover her strength. Amazingly, Rain discovers that she is good at running, and she joins the team that is to represent the Bahamas in track events. However, training and equipment become non-affordable for her until Mrs. Adams assists her. Mrs. Adams gives Rain a light but touching lecture on determination, zeal, and acceptance in a bid to make her (Rain) stronger and more focused onto attaining her goals and objectives through running (Bahamasmovie.com). Magdaline’s quest to run for Miss Ba hamas Contest gives Rain motivation and courage that there are people in her environment who can survive and stay away from drugs. It is amazing that when Rain requires fifty dollars to register in a school, Glory is unable to find the sum, yet she spends approximately fifty dollars or more a day on drugs. She is forced to save for at least three months to obtain the money. This film is all about a young girl who finds herself between dread environment and confrontation of the fact that she wants to live with someone she has never known before, thus, reaching out for her inner self to find the best out of her (Bahamasmovie.com). Narrative Structure Maria Govan reaches out to the audience through striking a visual sense aimed at providing a reflection of contrasts existing between idyllic setting and the harsh realities found within the Bahamas. Such visual sense enhances visualization of the actual picture by the viewers, thus, making it easier to follow the main idea of the film. R ain’s grandmother cautioned her against going to look for the mother. Nonetheless, after the grandmother’s demise, Rain visualizes sense that she can barely care for herself, hence, the search for her mother. In the foreign land, Rain also visualizes some sense from the behavior and lifestyle of the mother, hence, does not give up in her quest to finding the best out of her leading to discover her talent in running. In making all these decisions, Rain considers both sides of the coin, the ideals and realities in Bahamas. For instance, the ideal situation is that she can continue staying with her grandmother, but the reality is that she is too young and incapable of taking care of her needs (Bahamasmovie.com). For this reason, she decides to go out in search for her mother. In addition, Maria talks about the reality that however much the residents try, they can never attain a given lifestyle, especially that experienced by tourists. Maria also uses the idea of everyday beauty within communities and societies to develop the storyline. This proves to be very useful, especially in understanding how the various experiences of marginalized residents of the Bahamas undergo in their daily lives. Consequently, the film director is able to reach many viewers through her narrative structure and style. This makes The Rain one of the best movies watched by a huge magnitude of spectators. Surprisingly, the author does

Temperance and The Alcohol Prohibition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Temperance and The Alcohol Prohibition - Essay Example In the 1830s and 1840s, temperance movement was gained immense momentum and many people supported it. However, the movement suffered setback during the American Civil War. Both sides in the war were relying on alcohol duty to fund their battles. As a result, numerous states stopped alcohol prohibition (Gately 74). It is worth noting that this was reversed after the war as more and more states and counties embarked to become â€Å"dry†. In the postwar period, the movement grew to become a significant mass movement and was instrumental in encouraging alcohol abstinence. The movement engaged in building alternatives to replace the roles of public bars; the Independent Order of Rechabites was established as a friendly society where no meetings were held in public bars (Tracy 29). Also, there was a movement that introduced temperance fountains around America in order to make sure people have reliably safe drinking water instead of having to go to a saloon and various coffee palaces and temperance halls so as to replace bars. The temperance movement in the United States got a boost as advocacy for alcohol abstinence were emerging in other countries and so its emphasis spreading internationally. For example, the Salvation Army was established in 1864 in London and emphasized heavily on the abstinence from alcohol (Heron 30). A number of local and international prohibitionist groups were created in the postwar period and were instrumental in advocating for alcohol prohibition.

Young Peoples Time Perspectives: From Youth to Adulthood

Young Peoples Time Perspectives: From Youth to Adulthood Summarise and critically evaluate the article (Brannen, J Nilsen, A 2002) â€Å"young peoples time perspectives focusing on; A) Its conceptual and theoretical framework and B) Its methodology and approach to evidence. The Author Brennan’s history includes her being a professor in Sociology for the University of London. She has written books and researched in on topics relating to gender and families with young people and children. She also co-edits, the International Journal of Social Research Methodology: theory and practice. The co-author history included Nilsen being a professor at the Department of Sociology, University of Bergen in Norway. She has researched in topic’s relating to women’s life course, biographical methods and time and environmental sociology. She is also the co-editor of the Journal of Psychology. The article under discussion examines three bodies of theory: individualization, the life course, and concepts of time. It cross-examines these theories with respect to the following questions: how young people speak about the future; the bearing of young peoples situations and time perspectives upon the way they envisage the transition to adulthood. Empirical d ata is taken from five different European countries and material from focus group discussions and interviews are conducted with young people taken from west-European countries, Britain and Norway. They analyzed variations in young peoples ways of thinking about their future lives, and propose, as a basis for further research, three ideal typical models. The concepts include Nowotneys concept of â€Å"extended present, which is the notion of planning for the future, which may be altered by the experiences of the present†. It is has been stated by Sennett 1998, that a shift from linear concept of time can mean people no longer try to predict the future and the notions of planning loses its meaning, Brannen and Nilsen have scrutinized all the theories and concepts mentioned. The purpose of their article was to begin to develop a language of description (Bernstein 1996) for representing and interpreting the nuances and diversity in young people’s orientation to adulthood which may be applied and modified in future research. They aimed to look at theories of life course processes and wanted to observe how young people think and speak about the future. The cross national study â€Å"young people’s orientation to the future reconciliation of employment and family life†, This initial cross-national analyses focus was on young peoples view’s of future in general and did not set out explicitly to examining the future in general, neither or their conceptualizations of time. There work related to another parallel study carried out with interviewing Norwegian men and women, (Nilsen, and Brannen 2002). The study method included 12 focus groups with three different groups for interviews; they tried to make each group as alike in terms of demographics as possible, however theory did not discuss what measures of precaution they took. The groups were divided by education and training levels, by occupational level, and by those in manual or while collar jobs. Questions about merging employment and family life were for most young people at the time of interview were hypothetical. The study was not concentrating on the issues such as time perspectives and theories linking to it, thus they were not able to examine methodically the interactions of gender, age and social class to the three models thinking about the future. The explicit focus of the study was on future reconciliation or employment and family responsibilities. Nilsen and Brannen were interested in gathering a qualitative approach. They did not however take into consideration the time scale was short and the research funding wa s low, there lack of planning and budgeting was thus seen. They explained further that is when the aim of when they decided to change it from a qualitative approach to an exploratory one. They employed focus groups ranging from 3-10 people. They do however agree to that fact that it is not justifiable, in which focus group methodology can generalize about young people to produce biographical material. They further stated that as well as focus groups, interviews were conducted with selected young people aged 18-30 however they did not provide evidence and document the findings in the article, which leads to questions of the purpose of such interviews. They talked about the theoretical perspectives including in the Individualisation theory (Beck 1992, 1994; Beck-Gernsheim, 1995; Giddens, 1991, 1994). This theory holds the idea that the processes remove structural separations of gender, social class and age. The assertion that individual choices become more important and the choice biography replaces the standard biography 1996. This theory has received much speculation, by Beck, Giddens 1994, Bauman 1998a, and Nowotney 1994. The â€Å"extended present† which takes account of â€Å"choice biography† and suggest it is untried as argued by Brannen and Nilsen that the way people pass through the transition to adulthood is prejudiced by their experiences of time. Brannen and Nilsen’s came to the conclusion of explaining there findings through proposing, three models. Brannen and Nilsen looked at three theories, 1) Individualization, 2) The life course 3) concepts of time. The models they obtained suggested a larger range in ways of thinking and planning for the future than the individualization theories. They attempted to apply theory to empirical data. They stated they were looking for a qualitative approach which then talked above exploratory, which leads the reader feeling a bit baffled. They compared the findings form both countries of Norway and England. They have put forward three models in the conclusions, model of Deferment, the model of Adaptability and the model of Predictability. There work carries no internal or external validity, when a test has content validity; the items on the test represent the entire range of possible items the test should cover. Individual test questions may be drawn from a large pool of items that cover a broad range of topics, however in Nilsen and Brannen study this was not the case. Brannen and Nilsen stated that young people were chosen as young people focus on time, a feature of social experience which has been ignored in empirical research. Brannen and Nilsen have put forward three ideal typical ways that have been identified in and applied to new material. One of the models of deferment, they have presented a critical case of younger women consider adulthood in looser terms, than the women in the second group the model of adaptability. From their findings they did report that imposing a dichotomy upon peoples lives in terms of either the â€Å"choice biography† is too simplistic. Brannen and Nilsen did not agree with other researchers they argued looking at their own models that a greater array of though processes and planning for the future in comparison to Individualization thesis â€Å"choice Biography†. They proposed that there are many factors affecting time orientations; these include the opportunity structures of education and training w hich have influence for employment aspirations. They argue that the complex material of social, cultural and discursive resources available or not, to young people together with the way young people adjust themselves in time, lead to construction of their identities .Brannen and Nilsen focus was differing from the cross-national analyses published by Brannen et al 2002. In that study the focus was on examining the view of the future in general neither or their conceptualizations of time. This article presented draws on a separation of cases from Norwegian and British seeking to apply to theories in time .At the end of the study all participants should have been given a full debrief, it is not clear from their article if this was carried out or not. All study participants should be told about procedures and any potential risks he confidentiality must also be maintained. They explained that the life course is no longer so clearly gendered .They researched that the decline of unskilled and semi skilled jobs in Britain and Norway led to led to men holding adult responsibilities at the same time as pursuing their youth, however women expected to have a job first then go down the route of motherhood, Brannen et al 1997. They also found that youth as a period of preparation for adulthood is going through change (Furlong and Cartmet ). The sources the authors used included their own research areas and past research that they had carried out. (Brannen and Moss, Owen Wale 1997, also Brannen and Nilsen and Smithson 2002; Also from Nilsen’s 1998, and 1999 studies).This article appears to be an extension of the areas of attention brought forward from past research experiments. The rhetoric and style of the article seems to be quite informal and loosely structured. Although some areas of their experimental explanations are clear, other areas are quite unclear with regard to the methodology and gathering of data. As a reader one is not convinced of their findings as t hey are qualitative and can not draw generalization to the wider public. Cultural issues were not considered in the countries studied carried out in, it is difficult to generalize the findings from cross-national studies, as every country to some degree has their own cultural patterns in youth to adulthood. In total they reported five countries were studies however he results qualitative that they may have been, was not mentioned. Other countries studied were not talked about a great deal nor the results discussed. Their study held no concurrent validity, construct validity or any predictive validity, as no tests were employed The intended audience to receive the data and outcomes of this research can be interpreted as the government and large organizations, as their focus was orientations over time, this would be beneficial to know. Also Cross-national studies lead to practical implications. The observations made can lead to a comparison of the employment/ education levels along with areas that each of the countries studies .This information is useful in the knowing which country is economically developing, along with attitudes of the public. Bibliography: Brannen Nilsen 2002, a ‘Young Peoples Time Perspectives: From Youth to adulthood. 2002. Falmer 2000. Connecting children and family life in later childhood, Routledge D. C. Howell 2002. Statistical Methods for Psychology, 5th edition, Duxbury/Thomson Learning. Weiner, I., 2003. Handbook of Psychology. New York, NY: Wiley 1

Microsoft Corporation’s Strategy Essay

1. Executive Summary Microsoft is a computer business company. It is famous for software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office suite, and Internet Explorer web browser. It is the world’s largest software maker measured by revenues. Also Microsoft has a new development strategy in  recent year which approaching to smart-phone industry. Microsoft built on the partnership with Nokia since 2011, and the significantly increasing success of Nokia’s Lumia smart-phones. Microsoft’s purpose is to use the acceleration growth of its share and profit in mobile devices through the speed innovation, addition synergies and centralized brand and market. At that period for Nokia, this transaction was significantly accretive to earnings, strengthen its financial position, and provide a solid basis for investment in its continuing businesses. This acquisition will promote competition, Microsoft offer competitive alternatives to Google and Apple which helped by integration of hardware and software. Also, Microsoft gains proven ability which from key personnel to success in devices and services, it remains committed to working with partners in the windows & windows phone ecosystems. Moreover, the acquisition can benefit consumers, it has pulled down Microsoft’s devices and services costs from development through the market and by gaining cost savings from Nokia’s. 2. Introduction Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational company, and its mission statement is use human diversity and inclusive of ideas and solutions to satisfy the needs of its increasingly global and and diversification consumer base . Microsoft get into the smart-phone market would be a big step for it to develop more for its business, that is one of the reasons that purchasing Nokia in 2013. Microsoft’s acquired Nokia on 3rd September 2013; and announced that to used approximately $ 7.2 billion to purchase almost all of Nokia’s mobile phone business which spent $ 5 billion on equipment and service departments, also paid $ 2.1 billion for related patent. This report aims to analyze the strategy of Microsoft acquisition of Nokia which included SWOT, also the analysis of PESTLE and five forces of the strategy, then finally would be the Value chain, the recommendation of its strategy and retaliation of competition. SWOT analyzes that after changed the strategy how to affect Microsoft as a good and bad way, also how it inspires more chances to develop the business, and any risk from this strategy. It shows that electronic product industry competed in the firm. Secondly, the report explains the reason of Microsoft has to change strategy by political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal, all  those factors show that when strategy changed by Microsoft. Thirdly, this report will talk about Nokia entered into Microsoft is the strategic change the business by using five forces; it explains the current rivals and potential new entrants in the industry with the businesses change in strategy. Also, with the value chain, the original Nokia’s technique skills have changed the organization and competencies. Finally, this report will talk about the future of this company development, it will tell core competence and innovation strategies are most likely to improve its absolute and relative performance in the next 3 to 5 years. With those analyses, this report will explain the details of this strategy from Microsoft, and both advantages and disadvantages by usi ng this strategy for its future business. 3. The Environment Analysis With technology great development, Apple’s produce iPhone and products to cater the market as Google’s does have Android to compete in. Thurs made a decision with Microsoft acquired Nokia in 2013. 3.1 SWOT Analysis 3.1.1 Strengths Microsoft and Nokia’s huge influence in the world Microsoft Corporation is world leader of personal computer software development; also it currently is the world’s largest provider of computer software. At the same time, according to Steve Ballmer Microsoft Chief Executive (2013), Microsoft’s Windows occupy 91.49% sharing of the global PC operation system. Nokia has had powerful hardware design concept and abilities of manufacturing, also Nokia’s Lumia occupied approximately 82% of the market. So, acquisition of Nokia was a great record for Microsoft’s corporate strategy. Brand loyalty Microsoft has been managing operation systems and software provider, it establishes over 90 % of the PC operation system’s market share. Most of people grew up with Microsoft’s operating system because of the easy manipulating and will use continually, there are not much brands can compete with it for those reasons. Even open source operating system; it is totally  free, suits ordinary users. Profits of the mobile phone market Profit is a big principle of Microsoft’s acquisition of Nokia. According to the US technology blog estimating, Microsoft earned 10 US dollars gross profit from each Lumia phone, but after the acquisition, the gross profit of Lumia has increased to over 40 US dollars, which mean that Microsoft can recover the cost of acquisition of Nokia with 25 million Lumia phones be sold. 3.1.2 Weaknesses Saturated Market Microsoft approached too late to the smart-phone’s market, it has already saturated when Microsoft stepped into. Most of the market shares have been taken by Apple and Android. According to Bamburic (2013), in 2013, Window Mobile only occupied 2.9 % from the smart-phone market share, it is a bad record which compare with Apple’s 18.2 % and Android’s 74.4 %. Innovate slowly Microsoft is difficult to ask people to accept the whole system moved to a smart-phone operating in a short period. Although consumers have not totally approved Window Mobile, Microsoft still updates the mobile system slowly. 3.1.3 Opportunities Offer Option Android occupies most of the market share of smart-phone, however the loyalty of Android’s users are unstable, also Apple’s products are too expensive for consumers, with no more choice for mobile system, Window mobile get a chance to attract those customers. Functional With the developing Information Technology, people see mobile as a necessity, and mobile phone is not just a communication tool, consumers concern about the multi-function and the brand of mobile phone. 3.1.4 Threats Substitutive The threat of substitutive, same level of smart-phone will be the greatest  substitutive of Microsoft, such as Samsung, LG, Sony; developed technology and internet, net communication also are the substitutive, such as E-mail, MSN, Skype. Limited Creative & Cost The creative abilities of the whole industry are declining as Apple or Samsung. With the quick developed in these years, systems and function are getting homogeneous. This is the same problem for the whole industry. Moreover, with the developing creative function, cost also is a main element to win the competition which how to spend less to do more. 3.2 PESTLE Analysis Macro environmental influences on Microsoft are summarized with in following six categories to identify the key drivers for change. 3.2.1 Political The US government concerns the investment in high-tech industries and supports the development of high-tech enterprises which made the Mobile Enterprises starting the patent competition. Mobile manufacturers defray a large proportion of cost by the strict US patent system. Also America has the most complete and strict for mergers and acquisitions law. 3.2.2 Economic America’s tertiary industry occupied for about 78 % of GDP, which the contribution of high-tech owned the most, the technology is crucial for the US which is the power source of economic development. The global economic crisis of 2008 caused a huge blow to the world economy, under the impact of the economic crisis, Nokia’s share price fell sharply which just made a great offer for Microsoft to purchase as a low cost. 3.2.3 Social With the development of the information age, people rely on mobile phones increasingly. By changing the concept of value as people’s lives changed as well, people do not see mobile as a communication tool at all, they attach importance to the multi-function and brand of the products. Consumers’ brand awareness is getting stronger when they are selecting mobile phone.  Smart-phones are no longer for teenage only, it turns to be public goods for everyone. With the smart-phone fashion rising, mobile phones have become a symbol of renewal as a consumer, so the mobile phone market is very considerable. 3.2.4 Technological Walking in front of others is the only way to survive in the high-tech field and the fierce market competition. High-tech products have rapid upgraded and short life cycle, it inspires higher requires to enterprises’ special application software and ability of continuing to update the hardware configuration. Nokia as a former mobile phone giant obviously hold numerous patents, specialized technical personnel and technical reserves the phone which is an advantage to help Microsoft to develop on smart-phone industry. 3.2.5 Legal Microsoft corporate supervised by laws, and it followed the laws which contain Labor law, intellectual property and the tax regime. 3.2.6 Environmental Microsoft is an ecofriendly company, it is green IT and the company request customers to recycle the product which are used. 3.3 Five forces 3.3.1 Existing Competitions With fierce competition in the electronics industry, Microsoft’s mobile is facing every kind of problems in development, smart-phone’s challenged from Apple and Google, also there has problems with products, research and development, marketing strategy and enterprise development strategy. Microsoft needs to plan its strategy as an â€Å"universal key† to open each locks. 3.3.2 Threat of New Entrant New entrant is a threat of Microsoft. HP (Hewlett-Packard) purchased Palm mobile firm in 2010, HP was a global information technology company, main business focused on printers, computer and software. HP is just one of the new entrant, most of the famous computer industries involve as well, such as  Lenovo, Dell. They have stable trust on consumers and market in society, now they invade to mobile phone industry which is a serious threat for Microsoft. 3.3.3 Threat of Substitutes With development of information technology and continuous improvement of people’s living standards, network, iPod and even digital cameras are more popular to substitute with phones by more functional and professional. As a result, the substitutive has a certain threat to Microsoft. 3.3.4 Power of Buyers The products’ quality and quantity depends on the power of buyers. Nokia’s technique could not satisfy buyers enough to buy their products because of the lower level in the smart-phone market which cause buyers’ bargaining power are getting stronger. But Microsoft has good reputation and well system, after the acquisition of Nokia, it increases buyers’ confident of products which successfully reduce the bargaining power from buyers and raised profits. 3.3.5 Power of Suppliers Mobile phone suppliers had great competition before 2010, so enterprises picked very seriously of their suppliers which caused a low bargaining power in the market. After 2010, Apple’s products sold well and had significantly outstanding result which leaded to other enterprises’ profit sharply dropped down; also suppliers got reduced by them at the same time. So Microsoft purchased Nokia at the right timing which earns a good bargaining power. 4. The Value Chain According to Walters (2007), Microsoft knew that the company should have an efficient value chain and offering the customer great value with its products. People would discover that Microsoft’s value chain is completely integrated to crop-net which is their information technology infrastructure network. The management of central control and efficiency are brought by the integration with their technical capabilities, it allows them to use the minimum effort and minimum mistakes at the right time to make a right  decision, thus value increased when cost saving. Microsoft provides software to them is minimal for need of logistics, because they can send the software through internet to the local agents. They also do customer services and maintenance by information technology, and they have to recruit, support, market, maintain, interview, finance, customer service, deliver, consult, advertise for the network. The development of technology is interior, there have the cost benefits of development and maintaining technology of value chain for compared to competitors. According to Johnson (2011), Porter’s Value Chain Model, margin has significantly increased after the Microsoft acquisition of Nokia. For the primary value chain activities, the inbound logistics of Microsoft allows Nokia to provide equipment, also the marketing and sale of Microsoft has many advertising platform that can increase publicity and sales. Procurement area is an important part of the cooperation between Microsoft and Nokia. This development must source raw materials for the business and obtain the best price for doing so. The challenge for procurement is to obtain the best possible quality available on the market for their budget. At the same time, purchasing inputs that means it buys product cheaper from suppliers. Because of Microsoft’s core competence is the system software; the development of mobile phone hardware is not completed. On the other hand, Nokia’s core competence has the good hardware system and stable suppliers’ source, so this result is becoming a win-win for both companies which reach the cost efficiency. Microsoft can directly use Nokia’s equipment to sell and reduce the costs, also it improves the margin. Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows that after Microsoft got the Nokia, both of them operating margin profit and market value increased. In summary, Value chain model defines the cost advantage after Microsoft acquisition of Nokia; it achieves cost efficiency and associated with core competencies and capabilities in order to perform them better than do competitors. 5. Retaliation of Competitors Facing acquisition of Nokia, current rivals and potential new entrants in mobile market which are Google, Apple and HP should do something to deal with this Microsoft’s corporate-level strategy. As Burrows comment that Google and Apple did the same thing which is advertise their products. For  example, Google-operated retail Web site, use â€Å"Web meets phone† as a statement for introducing. In terms of the five force, existing competitions will make a plan for strategic change form same industry, so new entrants does. 6. Recommendation Mobile space could be one of the serious problems for Microsoft in recent years. Windows Mobile platform is still dominated by innovative in market, such as Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android operating system. The plan of Microsoft to compete with those providers this year would be releasing Window Phone 7, although it is little bit late to the smart-phone market, Microsoft realizes what consumers really needed, and Window Phone 7 will be the best explanation in the next 3 to 5 years. Innovation has been a big issue for Microsoft, Windows is a special case as an innovative product when it first released, but Microsoft did not provide anything that even matching the innovation. Because of the competitors have developed more creative products, all companies want to be the main competitor in the high-tech space. Innovation is the most necessary element in the smart-phone market which Microsoft has to improve. 7. Conclusion Microsoft’s acquisition of Nokia is opportunities as well as challenges. As the analysis of opportunities and threats with Microsoft’s mobile phone business, for Microsoft entered lately to the mobile market and the decline of the old mobile phone giant Nokia, how to achieve the advantage complementary through the merger of both sides, Microsoft has to put smart-phone system and PC operation system together as soon as possible to achieve the great new innovations of smart-phone. Microsoft has to be originality of mobile system for its business, it will be the big step for Microsoft to be success. Microsoft has been the dominant PC computer software manufacturer over years, but now the sales growth of the PC has slowed sharply because of consumers have been the turning to smart-phones and tablets. The sales of PC’s expectation was 409 million units in 2011, it was a 15.9 % increased which lower than 18.1 % the previous estimate of the company. According to Research director of Gartner Ranjit Atwal (2013), this  result reflects the weakening of consumer demand, the recent increase in shipment is expected to decline, increasing consumer interested in the iPad and other tablet PCs are the main factors leading to rising slowing sales growth of the PC in the long run. As Lomas comment that (2013), in the future of 2014, tablet will replace PC for over 10 % of sales, Microsoft and Intel believe that Windows software could attract a variety of users by the touch features, especially business users, and it inspires the development of Windows Tablet PC, touch-screen laptop and their products. Technology is the most influencing Macro environmental factor by the PESTEL analysis. Microsoft strategy through Bowman’s clock as an explanation which both bases of differentiation and intended strategy for low price are detailed. Value chain diagnose the capabilities of the strategy as a tool, it proves that Microsoft strategy align ed well from this completed core. Also Microsoft had the abilities to resource the strategies by man power, technology, funds and information to win the position in the market. 8. Bibliography Ali-Yrkkà ¶,J., Kalm,M., Pajarinen, P., Rouvinen, P., Seppala, T. and Tahvanainen, A.(2013). Microsoft Acquires Nokia: Implications for the Two Companies and Finland. ETLA Brief [Online] Available From: http://www.industriall-europe.org/Sectors/ICT/2013/ETLA-Nokia-%20MS-Muistio-Brief-16.pdf. [Accessed: 3rd September 2013] Blandford, R. (2013). Why did Microsoft acquire Nokia’s Devices & Services business? [Online] Available From: http://allaboutwindowsphone.com/features/item/18293_Why_did_Microsoft_acquire_Noki.php. [Accessed: 3rd September 2013] Bamburic, M. (2013). What we know about Windows Phone 8.1 so far? [Online] Available From:http://support.techlogic.net/index.php?/News/List/Index/134. [Accessed: 28th February 2014] Burrows, P.(2010). Apple vs. Google. Businessweek. [Online] Available From: http://cecs5580.pbworks.com/f/businessweek+Apple+vs+Google.pdf. [Accessed: 14th January 2010] BBC News. Microsoft to buy Nokia’s mobile phone unit.. [Online] Available From: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23940171. [Accessed: 3rd September 2013] BBC News. Microsoft-Nokia deal: Analyst reaction.. [Online] Available From: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23945652. [Accessed: 3rd September 2013] CNET News. Microsoft to acquire Nokia’s device and services division. [Online] Available From: http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57601025-75/microsoft-to-acquire-nokias-device-and-services-division/. [Accessed: 2nd September 2013] Guy, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship and the value chain: Importance, risks and suggestions. Advances in Management. 4(6). Pp.63-65. Johnson, G., Scholes, K., and Whittington, R. (2011). Exploring Corporate Strategy. FT Prentice Hall. Harlow. Lomas, N. (2013). Tablets To Grow 53.4% This Year, Says Gartner, As The Traditional PC declines 11.2%. [Online] Available From: http://techcrunch.com/2013/10/21/tablets-vs-pcs/. [Accessed: 21th October 2013] Microsoft Corporation. (2104).Company profile. [Online] Available From: http://finance.yahoo.com/q/co?s=MSFT+Competitors Microsoft to acquire Nokia’s devices & services business, license Nokia’s patents and mapping services. [Online] Available From: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2013/sep13/09-02announcementpr.aspx. [Accessed: 3rd September 2013] Ovide,S. (2013). Deal Is Easy Part for Microsoft and Nokia. [Online] Available From: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014241278873244324045790521127313496

The Philosophical Area Of Dualism Essay - 2267 Words

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Winston Salem State University Is A Public Institution

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